Question 6 Write a few lines to show what you know about: kulaks the Duma women workers between 1900 and 1930 the Liberals Stalin’s collectivisation programme
Class 9 - Social science - Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Page 48
Answers
Kulaks:
The well to do peasants in Russia were known as Kulaks. During the collectivisation programme started by Stalin , the lands and Holdings of the Kulaks were seized. Their Cattle and grains were forcibly taken away by the government.
ii) The Duma:
The Duma is the name of the Russian parliament. After the brief revolution of 1905 the Czar constituted the Duma for consultative purposes. It did not have any real legislative powers and the Czar dissolved it according to his wishes.
iii) women worker between 1900 and 1930:
After industrialisation expanded in Russia women were employed in large numbers in most of the factories. In 1914 women composed 31% of the labour force in Russia. They were not paid equally and the working conditions were poor. Women play their active role in the revolution of 1917. Some of them staged demonstration and led marches from the front. Under soviet rule role women equally participated in economic progress and development.
iv) The liberals:
They believed in the basic rights of every individual. The liberals wanted to stab you selected and parliamentary government with an independent judiciary. They stood against the despotic rule of the monarch and nobles. They do not support Universal adult franchise.
vi) Stalin's collectivisation programme:
Stalin revised the economic policy of collectivisation by which small land Holdings were made into large farms. These farms would be collectively owned by the peasants and profits would be shared among all. A large number of peasants opposed this move by the government.
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Hope this will help you....
Kulak: in the history of the Russia and Soviet Union, the kulak was the term given to the affluent peasants. This term represented the wealthy peasants, who owned comparatively large field and a big number of cattle. They formed a major figure in the communities; they possessed some social and administrative powers.
The Duma: Duma was the parliament of Russia. In his October manifesto of 1905, Tsar Nicholas II (the emperor of Russia who ruled between 1894 and 1917), established the Duma (a representative assembly).
Women worker: They made up around 31% of the workers but they were paid less than male workers. Women who worked in factories led strikes during the February revolution.
Liberals: the view of Liberal regarding the formation of the government was that they wanted a nation which tolerated all faiths or religions. They strongly opposed the unlimited authority of dynastic kings. They were in favor of a representative, elected parliamentary form of government.
Collectivization program of Stalin: Stalin introduced the Collectivization of agriculture to increase agricultural production. Accordingly, in the process of Collectivization of agriculture, the small farms were merged into large farms known as the kolkhoz. This scheme was adopted by him for two purposes; the first is that he wanted to employ the agricultural labor in the industrial sector, by freeing them from the agricultural sector through the introduction of modern farming technology. The second purpose was that the modern methods of farming will cause an increase in surplus production and this will help to pay for new industries.