Question 8: Explain what is meant by biofortification.
Class 12 - Biology - Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Page 178
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Ans-8
Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering.
Ans-12
Management of Farms and Farm Animals:
1) Dairy Farm Management:
Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption. In dairy farm management, we deal with processes and systems that increase yield and improve quality of milk.
Selection of good breeds having high yielding potential, combined with resistance to diseases is very important.Cattle have to be housed well, should have adequate water and be maintained disease free.The feeding of cattle should be carried out in a scientific manner (quality and quantity of fodder).Stringent cleanliness and hygiene are importance while milking, storage and transport of the milk and its products.
2) Poultry Farm Management:Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl used for food or for their eggs.Selection of disease free and suitable breeds, proper and safe farm conditions, proper feed and water, and hygiene and health care are important components of poultry farm management.
Animal Breeding:
Animal breeding aims at increasing the yield of animals and improving the desirable qualities of the produce.When breeding is between animals of the same breed it is called Inbreeding, while crosses between different breeds are called Outbreeding.
Inbreeding:
It refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations. The breeding strategy is, superior males and superior females of the same breed are identified and mated in pairs.Inbreeding increases Homozygosity. However, continued inbreeding, especially close inbreeding, usually reduces fertility and even productivity. This is called Inbreeding Depression. Whenever this becomes a problem, selected animals of the breeding population should be mated with unrelated superior animals of the same breed. This usually helps restore fertility and yield.
Out-breeding:
It is the breeding of the unrelated animals, which may be between individuals of the same breed or between different breeds or different species.
Out-crossing:
This is the practice of mating of animals within the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations. The offspring of such a mating is known as an out-cross. A single outcross often helps to overcome inbreeding depression.
Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering.
Ans-12
Management of Farms and Farm Animals:
1) Dairy Farm Management:
Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption. In dairy farm management, we deal with processes and systems that increase yield and improve quality of milk.
Selection of good breeds having high yielding potential, combined with resistance to diseases is very important.Cattle have to be housed well, should have adequate water and be maintained disease free.The feeding of cattle should be carried out in a scientific manner (quality and quantity of fodder).Stringent cleanliness and hygiene are importance while milking, storage and transport of the milk and its products.
2) Poultry Farm Management:Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl used for food or for their eggs.Selection of disease free and suitable breeds, proper and safe farm conditions, proper feed and water, and hygiene and health care are important components of poultry farm management.
Animal Breeding:
Animal breeding aims at increasing the yield of animals and improving the desirable qualities of the produce.When breeding is between animals of the same breed it is called Inbreeding, while crosses between different breeds are called Outbreeding.
Inbreeding:
It refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations. The breeding strategy is, superior males and superior females of the same breed are identified and mated in pairs.Inbreeding increases Homozygosity. However, continued inbreeding, especially close inbreeding, usually reduces fertility and even productivity. This is called Inbreeding Depression. Whenever this becomes a problem, selected animals of the breeding population should be mated with unrelated superior animals of the same breed. This usually helps restore fertility and yield.
Out-breeding:
It is the breeding of the unrelated animals, which may be between individuals of the same breed or between different breeds or different species.
Out-crossing:
This is the practice of mating of animals within the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations. The offspring of such a mating is known as an out-cross. A single outcross often helps to overcome inbreeding depression.
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Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology.
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