Question 8
? The most effective tool for measuring incidence of a disease in a community
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Answer:
has outlined a community health improvement process (CHIP) through which communities can assess health needs and priorities, formulate a health improvement strategy, and use performance indicators as part of a continuing and accountable process. This chapter reviews in more detail the two kinds of indicators and indicator sets proposed for use in a CHIP. Discussed first is the community health profile , with component indicators proposed by the committee, which can provide a broad overview of a community's characteristics and its health status and resources. The second part of the chapter focuses on the development of indicator sets for performance monitoring, which are intended for use with health improvement strategies for specific health issues. The committee presents some examples that illustrate how communities might approach selecting such performance indicators.
The tool to measure the incidence of disease in a community is the incident and the prevalence rate.
- The prevalence rate is the proportion of the population that has the disease at a particular point of time.
- Whereas the incidence rate is the number of new cases of disease per person unit of time.
- The denominator is the amount of the time each person is examined, combined for all individuals. It reflects the cumulative time when the population was at risk of disease and was being observed.