Question:
A. On the basis of your reading of the given passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever
necessary-minimum four). Also, provide a title to it. (10 Marks); ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (CO 4, Application)
One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in
general. It soon becomes clear that we were not sure what we meant by such terms as thought' and 'thinking'. We tend to assume that human beings
think, some more than others, though we often call people thoughtless or thinking. Dreams cause a problem, partly because they usually happen
outside our control. They are obviously some type of mental experiences, but are they a type of thinking? And the question of non-human life forms
adds further problems.
; Many of us would maintain that some of higher animals-dogs, cats, apes and so on-are capable of at least basic thought, but what about fish
and insects? It is certainly true that the higher mammals show complex brain activity, when tested with the appropriate equipment. And what is true of
thought is also true of many other mental processes. One of the immense benefits of artificial intelligence research is that we are being forced to
scrutinize with new vigor and the working of human mind.
; It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms. No fern or oak trees can play chess as well as even the
simplest digital computer nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as robots. The three-fingered mechanical manipulator is cleverer in some ways than the
three-toed sloth. It seems that, viewed in terms of intellect, the computer should be set well above plants and most animals. Only the higher animals
can, it seems, compete with computers with regard to intellect-and even with the diminishing success (Examples of this are in the games of
and chess). Some of the world's best players are now computers.;
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