Question:-
Describe in detail the rise and teaching of Buddhism and Jainism.
Answers
Answer:
Answer:
The religious texts of the Śvētāmbaras mention that liberation is attainable by both men and women. Jains believe in the existence of an eternal Jiva (soul), whereas Buddhism denies the concept of self (jiva) or soul (atman), proposing the concept of no-self (anatta) instead.
Explanation:
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Causes for the rise of Buddhism and Jainism:
• Brahmanical Supremacy.
• Both Buddhism and Jainism were started by Kshatriyas who opposed Brahmins.
• Religious Sacrifices, rituals due to which normal people suffered.
• Orthodoxism of Vedic religion which normal people couldn't follow.
• Women were not allowed to study and perform the Vedic rituals. But women were supported by Buddhism.
• Four fold Varna system. [ Buddhism and Jainism opposed Varna system]
JAINISM:
• The word Jainism came into existence after its 23rd tirthankara, Vardhaman Mahavira.
• Before Mahavira, Jainism was called as Nigrantha faith.
• The Nigrantha faith was started by Rishabhanath, first tirthankara.
• The word Jina means the one who attained Kaivalya or enlightened.
• The followers of Mahavira were known as Jains. In this way, the Jainism came into existence.
Teachings of Jainism:
• The jainism rejected the authority of Vedas and did not believe in the existence of God.
• Mahavira believed in the attainment of salvation by extreme penance and dying of starvation.
• He believed in the universal brotherhood.
• Mahavira and other tirthankaras gave 5 doctrines of Jainism. They are:
Satya - Always speak the truth.
Ahimsa - Non - Violence.
Asteya - Do not steal.
Apagriha - Do not acquire property.
Brahmacharya - celebacy [ added by Mahavira ]
BUDDHISM:
• Buddhism was founded by Gautama Siddhartha or Gautama Buddha.
• Gautama Buddha was born in 563 BC at Lumbini.
• His father was Suddhodana and mother was Mahamaya.
• He married Yashodhara and his son was Rahul.
• The word "Buddha" means "Englightened" one.
Teachings of Buddhism:
• Buddha believed that desire is the cause of sorrow.
• He opposed the Brahmanical domination.
• He did not believe in Varna system and existence of God.
• He criticised the Vedic sacrifices and rituals of Brahmins.
• He preached that one can overcome desire by following eight fold path [ Astanga Marga ]
Eight fold path [ Astanga Marga ]:
• Right Understanding • Right thought
• Right Vision • Right Speech • Right effort
• Right livelihood • Right action • Right mediation
The one who follows this path then he can overcome desire. As, desire is the main cause of sorrow.