Question

Question :

Explain the laboratory preparation of ammonia in details.
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Answer 1

Answer:

Preparation

We can manufacture the compound by the following methods:

We can manufacture the compound by the following methods:1) From Ammonium Chloride

We can manufacture the compound by the following methods:1) From Ammonium ChlorideWe can generate ammonia gas in the research centre by slowly heating ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and slaked lime [Ca(OH)2].

1). Ammonium Chloride

Ammonia gas is lighter than air, requiring its accumulation by the descending displacement of air. Since it is quite solvent in water it can’t be gathered over it.

Ammonia gas is lighter than air, requiring its accumulation by the descending displacement of air. Since it is quite solvent in water it can’t be gathered over it.Advancing ammonia gas through quicklime (CaO) dries it. Being an essential gas, we can’t dry it by advancing it through concentrated sulphuric acid or phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). This is because it reacts with them to frame ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate separately.

2) By the Hydrolysis of Metal Nitrides

Hydrolyzing metal nitrides like magnesium and aluminium nitrides, with water or alkalis, can likewise deliver ammonia gas.

STRUCTURE⬇️

Ammonia is a covalent atom. It is seen as a dot structure. The particle is shaped because of the overlap of orbitals of three hydrogen atoms and three sp3 hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in the structure as the central atom. The fourth sp³ hybrid orbital is involved by a lone pair.

Ammonia is a covalent atom. It is seen as a dot structure. The particle is shaped because of the overlap of orbitals of three hydrogen atoms and three sp3 hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in the structure as the central atom. The fourth sp³ hybrid orbital is involved by a lone pair.This provides a trigonal pyramidal shape to the compound. The H-N-H bond edge is 107.3°, which is somewhat not exactly the tetrahedral edge of 109°28. This is on the grounds that the bond pair-lone pair repulsions push the N-H bonds somewhat inwards. In solid and liquid states, ammonia is related through hydrogen bonds.

Uses ⬇️

We use it in the production of urea and rayon.

We use it in the production of urea and rayon.We also use it in the production of composts, for example, ammonium nitrate, urea diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and so on.

We use it in the production of urea and rayon.We also use it in the production of composts, for example, ammonium nitrate, urea diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and so on.More frequently, we also use it as a refrigerant, in ice plants.

We use it in the production of urea and rayon.We also use it in the production of composts, for example, ammonium nitrate, urea diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and so on.More frequently, we also use it as a refrigerant, in ice plants.It finds its use in the furniture industry, as a purging operator for furniture and glass surfaces.

We use it in the production of urea and rayon.We also use it in the production of composts, for example, ammonium nitrate, urea diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and so on.More frequently, we also use it as a refrigerant, in ice plants.It finds its use in the furniture industry, as a purging operator for furniture and glass surfaces.We use it in the production of nitric acid by Ostwald’s procedure.

We use it in the production of urea and rayon.We also use it in the production of composts, for example, ammonium nitrate, urea diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and so on.More frequently, we also use it as a refrigerant, in ice plants.It finds its use in the furniture industry, as a purging operator for furniture and glass surfaces.We use it in the production of nitric acid by Ostwald’s procedure.We also use it in the production of sodium carbonate by Solvay’s procedure.

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Answer 2

$\huge\mathrm{Answer}$

Reactants ➡

• Ammonium chloride ( NH₄Cl )
• Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)₂ )

★ [ Excess of calcium hydroxide is mixed well with ammonium chloride ]

Reactions ➡

2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + H₂O + NH₃

Procedure ➡

Reactants ( Ammonium Chloride and Calcium Hydroxide in excess ) are finally grinded and taken in a round bottom flask fitted in a slanting position with its mouth downwards

Precautions ➡

• The flask should be tilted in such a way that the water formed in the reaction does not trickle back into the heated flask and thus break it

Drying of ammonia gas ➡

In order to get dry ammonia , the gas is passed through a drying tower containing lumps of quicklime ( CaO )

Collection ➡

Ammonia gas is collected in inverted gas charged by the downward displacement of air because it is :-

• Lighter than air ( V.D of NH₃ is 8.5 ; that of air is 14.4 )
• Highly soluble in water and therefore it cannot be collected over water

$\huge\mathrm{Notes ⭐}$

✍️ Other drying agents like concentrated sulphuric acid them, phosphorus pentoxide and anhydrous calcium chloride are not used as ammonia being basic reacts with them

✍️ Higher ratio by weight of the alkali is used as it may counteract the loss by sublimation of NH₄Cl

✍️ Calcium hydroxide is used as it is cheap and not deliquescent like other alkalis