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Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any substance (molecule or ion) that can donate a hydrogen ion ( H + ).

A Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that can accept a hydrogen ion (

H + ).

Explanation:

In short, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.

Take the following reaction for example:

H C l + N H 3

⇌ N H + 4 + C l −

Hydrochloric acid ( H C l ) is the Brønsted-Lowry acid because it donates a hydrogen ion. Ammonia (N H 3 ) is the Brønsted-Lowry base because it accepts the hydrogen ion.

The Brønsted-Lowry theory also introduces the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. A conjugate acid-base pair are two species that differ by a (

H + ) ion.

Based on the reaction above, the ammonium ion

( N H + 4 ) is the conjugate acid of the base ammonia and the chloride ion ( C l − ) is the conjugate base of hydrochloric acid.

Here's a tip to let you know which substance is the conjugate acid and which substance is the conjugate base:

A conjugate base has one less ( H + ) proton than the acid you started with.

A conjugate acid has one more ( H + ) proton than the base you started with.

Here's a general depiction of conjugate acid-base pairs: