Question

Question
Number of functional groups in given molecule is
COCI
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4​

Answer 1

Answer:

option 2

ketone and halogen as functional group

Answer 2

The concept of functional groups is a very important one. We expect that you will need to refer back to tables at the end of Section 3.1 quite frequently at first, as it is not really feasible to learn the names and structures of all the functional groups and compound types at one sitting. Gradually they will become familiar, and eventually you will recognize them automatically.

Functional groups are small groups of atoms that exhibit a characteristic reactivity. A particular functional group will almost always display its distinctive chemical behavior when it is present in a compound. Because of their importance in understanding organic chemistry, functional groups have specific names that often carry over in the naming of individual compounds incorporating the groups.

As we progress in our study of organic chemistry, it will become extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules react. For now, we will only worry about drawing and recognizing each functional group, as depicted by Lewis and line structures. Much of the remainder of your study of organic chemistry will be taken up with learning about how the different functional groups tend to behave in organic reactions.

Drawing abbreviated organic structures

Often when drawing organic structures, chemists find it convenient to use the letter 'R' to designate part of a molecule outside of the region of interest. If we just want to refer in general to a functional group without drawing a specific molecule, for example, we can use 'R groups' to focus attention on the group of interest:

Lewis structures for a generic primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone.svg

The 'R' group is a convenient way to abbreviate the structures of large biological molecules, especially when we are interested in something that is occurring specifically at one location on the molecule.

Common Functional Groups

In the following sections, many of the common functional groups found in organic chemistry will be described. Tables of these functional groups can be found at the bottom of the page.

Hydrocarbons

The simplest functional group in organic chemistry (which is often ignored when listing functional groups) is called an alkane, characterized by single bonds between two carbons and between carbon and hydrogen. Some examples of alkanes include methane, CH4, is the natural gas you may burn in your furnace or on a stove. Octane, C8H18, is a component of gasoline.

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