Question :-
What are the different types of overlapping and nature of covalent bonds ?
Thank you so much
@Stareyaa
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Answers
The covalent bond may be classified into two types depending upon the types of overlapping:
- (i) Sigma(σ) bond
- (ii) pi(π) bond
Sigma(σ) bond : This type of covalent bond is formed by the end to end (head-on) overlap of bonding orbitals along the internuclear axis. This is called as head on overlap or axial overlap. This can be formed by any one of the following types of combinations of atomic orbitals.
s-s overlapping : In this case, there is overlap of two half filled s-orbitals along the internuclear axis as shown above in first attached figure.
p–p overlapping : This type of overlap takes place between half filled p-orbitals of the two approaching atoms. It is also shown in second attached figure.
pi(π ) bond : In the formation of π bond the atomic orbitals overlap in such a way that their axes remain parallel to each other and perpendicular to the internuclear axis. The orbitals formed due to sidewise overlapping consists of two saucer type charged clouds above and below the plane of the participating atoms.
s-p overlapping : This type of overlap occurs between half filled s-orbitals of one atom and half filled p-orbitals of another atom.
@Vikram
