Questions :-
1. The mass per unit volume of a
substance is called density.
(density = mass/volume).
Arrange the following in order of
increasing density - air, exhaust
from chimneys, honey, water,
chalk, cotton and iron.
2. (a) Tabulate the differences in
the characterisitcs of states
of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following:
rigidity, compressibility,
fluidity, filling a' gas
container, shape, kinetic
energy and density.
3. Give reasons
(a) A gas fills completely the
vessel in which it is kept.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the
walls of the container,
(c) A wooden table should be
called a solid
(d) We can easily move our hand
in air but to do the same
through a solid block of wood
we need a karate expert.
4. Liquids generally have lower
density as compared to solids.
But you must have observed that
ice floats on water. Find out why.
Answers
ANSWER 1 = (Density = mass/volume) Arrange the following in order of increasing density - air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron. Answer: The increasing order of density is air < exhaust from chimney < cotton < water < honey < chalk < iron.
ANSWER 2 = (a) SR.NO. PROPERTY LIQUID
1). Shape. = They do not have defined shape
2). Volume. = They do not have a definity volume.
3). Density. = Liquid have less density than soil.
4). The kintic of energy of particles. = More than soil.
(b). 1) Rigidity = It is the tendency to maintain the shape whenever outward force is applied. 2) Compressibility = It is the tendency to decrease the volume of the matter by applying force and not changing the mass. 3) Fluidity = It is the tendency of matter to flow.
GIVE REASONS:-
ANSWER 1 = (a). Gases have a negligible intermolecular force of attraction between the particles of gas. The random motion of particles in all the directions is experience in the vessel. Hence, the gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b). The molecules are continually colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. When a molecule collides with the wall, they exert small force on the wall The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the sum of all these collision forces. The more particles that hit the walls, the higher the pressure.
(c). A wooden table should be called a solid because it has a definite shape and volume, is rigid, does not flow, the particles are tightly bound with very less kinetic energy and, not diffuse and has negligible intermolecular spaces between its particles.
(d). The particles of a gas are constantly moving in all the directions with different speeds. Therefore they do not have a fixed volume and hence completely fill the vessel in which they are kept.
ANSWER 2 = Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids but ice floats on water. ... These spaces are larger as compared to spaces in water molecules. Thus the volume of ice is greater than water. Hence the density of ice is less than of water.
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