Question

रे
1x232
(i) देशे
(ii) विदेशे
(iv) सर्वत्र
(iv) धनानि
एव तेषां जीवनस्य लक्ष्यं प्रतीयते।
(क) एकपदेन उत्तरत (एक पद में उत्तर दीजिए)
(1) अधुना कुत्र समानता दृश्यते?
(iii) वर्गविशेषे
(2) साधनहीना: कानि याचन्ते?
(i) साधनानि
(ii) सुखानि
(iii) दु:खानि
(ख) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत - (पूर्णवाक्य में उत्तर द
(iv) अधुना
6. आधुनिके काले सर्वत्र एका विचित्रा समानता दृश्यते। प्रायः विश्वस्य सर्वेषु देशेषु कलहस्य,
अशान्तेः उन्मादस्य च वातावरणं वर्तते। कुत्रापि कश्चित् जनसमुदायः जातिविशेष: वा असन्तुष्ट:
अस्ति, अन्यत्र कोडिप वर्गविशेषः अशान्तः वर्तते। साधनहीनाः साधनानि याचन्ते, साधनसम्पन्नाः
तेषां रक्षणाय कटिबद्धाः सन्ति। परस्परं विश्वासस्य अभावः सर्वत्र अवलोक्यते। जनाः मरणाय
मारणाय वा उद्यता: वर्तन्ते। एतस्य कलहस्य मूले असन्तोषः एव कारणं लक्ष्यते। भौतिकसुखानि​

Answer 1

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✠ DESCRIBE TWO REASON FOR THE EMERGENCE OF NEW IDEAS LIKE BUDDHISM AND JAINISM ?

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The primary cause for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism was the religious unrest in India in the 6th century B.C. The complex rituals and sacrifices advocated in the Later Vedic period were not acceptable to the common people. The sacrificial ceremonies were also found to be too expensive. The superstitious beliefs and mantras confused the people. The teachings of Upanishads, an alternative to the system of sacrifices, were highly philosophical in nature and therefore not easily understood by all. Therefore, what was needed in the larger interests of the people was a simple, short and intelligible way to salvation for all people. Such religious teaching should also be in a language known to them. This need was fulfilled by the teachings of Buddha and Mahavira.

Other than the religious factor, social and economic factors also contributed to the rise of these two religions. The rigid caste system prevalent in India generated tensions in the society. Higher classes enjoyed certain privileges which were denied to the lower classes. Also, the Kshatriyas had resented the domination of the priestly class. It should also to be noted that both Buddha and Mahavira belonged to Kshatriya origin. The growth of trade led to the improvement in the economic conditions of the Vaisyas. As a result, they wanted to enhance their social status but the orthodox Varna system did not allow this. Therefore, they began to extend support to Buddhism and Jainism. It was this merchant class that extended the chief support to these new religions.