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COVID - 19 PANDEMIC
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Epidemiological studies estimate each infection results in 5.7 new ones when no members of the community are immune and there are no preventive measures taken. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. As of 30 October 2020, more than 45 million cases have been confirmed, with more than 1.18 million deaths attributed to COVID-19.
COVID-19 mainly spreads through the air when people are near each other, primarily via small droplets or aerosols, as an infected person breathes, coughs, sneezes, sings, or speaks. Transmission via contaminated surfaces has not been conclusively demonstrated, and the main mode of transmission is suspected to be airborne. It can spread from an infected person for up to two days before symptoms appear (presymptomatic), and from those who do not show any (asymptomatic). People remain infectious for up to ten days in moderate cases, and two weeks in severe cases.
Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. Complications may include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The incubation period is typically around five days but may range from one to 14 days. There are several vaccine candidates in development, although none have completed clinical trials. There is no known specific antiviral medication, so primary treatment is currently symptomatic.