राजामानसिंहकामुगलसत्ता के विस्तारमेंक्या योगदानथा ?
23 Describe the cultural achievements of Maharanak
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Explanation:
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Answer:
According to D. H. Feldman “There exist domains of knowledge that all individuals within a
given culture are expected to acquire. .... The expectation is that every child in the cultural group
should be able to achieve a certain level of mastery of the designated domains although not
necessarily the highest level in each" (1985, p. 9). “... cultural environmental conditions are
different from universal conditions in that they are created, husbanded [taken care of], preserved
and passed on by members of a culture" (Feldman, 1985, p. 17). In general, cultural
achievements are those taught informally within a culture, through socialization, as opposed to
achievements mastered formally through schooling.
Cultural expectations differ from culture to culture and from era to era. Some examples of
cultural skills expected in most of the United States today include speaking English, handling
money, and using a telephone. In the predominately rural culture of early 19th United States,
milking cows, sewing, and chopping firewood were common cultural expectations. In traditional
rainforest cultures, building shelters from leaves and branches, identifying edible plants, and
following animal trails are cultural achievements passed on to children as they grow up as
members of their culture.
As people live together and cope with their shared circumstances, they develop activities, values,
and beliefs that make sense to them. They share a language and invest meaning in important
artifacts and images. A culture consists of a group’s shared language, artifacts, imagery,
activities, beliefs, and values.
The largely instinctual behavior of animals can be increased through learning. However,
compared with humans, older animals are quite limited in the amount of learned information
they can pass on to their young. Spoken and written language, as well as artifacts and imagery,
store cultural meaning and make the complexity of human cultures possible.
“The crucial point is that the human mind and the functional utility of consciousness makes [sic]
culture possible. Because it can change itself so often to meet new challenges, the human mind
(unlike gene pools which require generations to change) is the main adaptation tool for altering
culture within and across generations” (Charlesworth, 1996, p. 107).
W. Damon (1995) writing about the moral development of young people describes socializ