Question

Radiation has different effects on different cells. Explain the consequences of radiation damage to somatic cells and to germ line cells.

in 150 words

Answer 1

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➡When talking about biological effects from radiation there are two categories of damage or injury: somatic injury and genetic injury.

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✔Somatic injury is damage that occurs to the organism exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation and does not include reproductive cells. Effects like sickness, hair loss or internal bleeding are visible shortly after exposure. Other illness such as cancer may take a number of years to appear.

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✔Genetic injury is damage to the reproductive cells due to exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation and can be passed down to an organism’s offspring, perhaps generations later. Some potential illnesses could include birth abnormalities and cancer. Somatic and genetic injuries are not solely caused by ionizing radiation. Many chemical pollutants found in our environment such as cadmium, lead and mercury also can cause similar injuries.

Extra information ✌
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☞If a strand of DNA is damaged, the cell may repair the damage, die or kill itself through a process known as apoptosis.

☞Sometimes the cell survives but incorrectly repairs itself and then passes the genetic abnormality on to other cells during reproduction. Genetic injury due to radiation exposure has not been observed in human populations (e.g., Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors) exposed to radiation.

☞Approximately 70% of the ionizing radiation you will be exposed to over your lifetime will come from natural sources found in our environment. Another 27% will come from necessary medical treatments while 3% will come from other man made sources such as smoke detectors, television sets and airplane travel.

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