Radio waves which are directed towards the sky from a transmitter at a certain location on the earth
and are reflected back from the ionosphere towards another location on the earth are called sky waves.
The transmission of information through sky waves is called sky wave propagation (or
communication). Ionosphere is the upper most layers in the earth’s atmosphere extending from a
height of 80km to 300km above the surface of the earth. The ionosphere is composed of charged
particles (electrons and ions). The degree of ionization is less at layers of ionosphere closer to the earth
than at the layers away from the earth. Consequently, the refractive index of the lower most layers of
the ionosphere is the highest and it decreases as we go to the upper layers.
Based on the above passage answer the following questions:
The refractive index of the ionosphere
a) Increases as we go from the lower to upper layers of the ionosphere
b) Decreases as we go from the lower to upper layers of the ionosphere
c) Remains the same throughout the ionosphere
d) Is equal to unity
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