rain pattern in India essay
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Explanation:
India is a vast country having different types of climate in its different parts. These differences in the climate are determined by (i) location, (ii) altitude, (iii) distance from sea or the mountains and (iv) the general relief or topography.
Yet its climate is labeled as ‘Monsoon climate’. The south, due to its proximity to the equator always remains warm while some parts of the north due to high mountains experience cold with temperatures dipping below freezing point in winter. In most part of India, we experience four seasons, i.e., winter, spring, summer and the rainy season.
What causes winter in our country? When the sun shines in the southern hemisphere, due to tilting of earth’s axis, the angle of the sun rays becomes less in the northern hemisphere, i.e., the distance sun rays travel increases. As they have to traverse greater length of atmosphere, greater scattering of sunrays takes place and this keeps the weather cold.
In northern India, winter is experienced more bitterly than in the southern part. Southern part of the country is peninsular plateau. It is surrounded by the Arabian Sea in the west and by the Bay of Bengal in the east; the Indian Ocean lies in the south. Due to sea breeze, this part enjoys warmth; the minimum temperature remains about 20o + 2o C with very little variation in the daily maximum temperature, whereas in the north temperature in the plains comes down to 10o C with wide variation in daily minimum and maximum temperature.
In the extreme north, hilly regions, due to their being at greater height from the sea, experience extreme cold with temperatures going below zero degree with huge variation in day and night temperatures. Cold wind blowing from the mountainous regions towards plains further brings down the temperature.
When the sunrays start falling on the northern hemisphere, more directly, the Indian sub-continent grows warmer and the spring season sets in. by May-June, sun shines very brightly and the summer is in full swing.
In the middle of June, monsoon sets in and rains start almost all over the country accompanied by heat and moisture. Most parts of the country have maximum rainfall in this period, only a small part of southern India, i.e., the eastern coastal part has winter rainfall. By the end of the rainy season, winter sets in again.