Question

Rajan sad ,“ we have do our duties.(narration change)​

Answer 1

ANSWER :

• ✠ Direct Narration :-

➨ Rajan said, "We have done our duties."

• ✠ Indirect Narration :-

➨ Rajan said that they had done their duties.

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❍ Note :-

• ✎ When the sentence of Direct Narration is in Present Perfect Tense and the Reporting verb is in Past Tense form; in Indirect Narration, the sentence is changed into Past Perfect Tense.

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KNOW MORE :

❒ Types of Narration :-

• ➬ Direct Narration

• ➬ Indirect Narration

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❒ Direct Narration :-

• ➬ In Direct Narration, the words of the speaker is expressed in the same way that it is said by the speaker i.e, with speech marks and using exactly the same words.

• ➬ The words of the speaker are kept within Inverted Comma (" ") in Direct Narration and there we need ti use Comma (,) between the Reporting Verb and Direct Narration.

• ➬ The verb that introduce the Direct Narration is called Reporting Verb.

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❒ Indirect Narration :-

• ➬ In Indirect Narration, the words of the speaker is expressed without speech marks and without necessarily using exactly the same words, keeping the meaning same.

• ➬ Unlike Direct Narration, there is the need of using "that" or any necessary conjunction instead of the the Comma (,) in Indirect Narration.

• ➬ There is also needed some grammatical changes while changing the speech from Direct Narration to Indirect Narration.

Answer 2

❒ Given Sentence:

➺ Rajan said, "We have done our duties."

❒ AnsweR :

➺ Rajan said that they had done their duties.

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❍ How verbs change in reported speech?

$\begin{lgathered}\begin {gathered}\boxed{\boxed {\begin{array}{ |c |c|} \sf{\bf{\underline{Direct \: Speech}}}&\sf{\bf{\underline{Indirect \: Speech}}} \\ \\ \sf{Simple \: present} & \sf{Simple \: past} \\ \\ \sf{Present \: continuous }& \sf{Past \: continuous} \\ \\ \sf{Present \: perfect}& \sf{Past \: Perfect} \\ \\ \sf{Present \: perfect \: continuous }&\sf{Past \: Perfect \: continuous} \\ \\ \sf{Simple \: past}&\sf{Past \: perfect} \\ \\ \sf{Past \: \: perfect }&\sf{Past \: Perfect } \end{array}}}\end{gathered}\end{lgathered}$

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EXPLORE MORE:

• What is Direct Speech?

➺ When the exact words used by a speaker are reproduced within Quotation Marks, it is called Direct Speech.

• What is Indirect Speech?

➺ When the substance of a speech is conveyed in the reporter's words, it is called Indirect Speech

Things to Remember in Direct and Indirect Speech :

✪ In Direct Speech -

1. The exact words of the speaker are put within Inverted Commas (“ ”).
2. The Direct Speech is separated from the remaining sentence by a Comma ( , ).
3. The first word of the Reported Speech begins with a Capital Letter.

✪ In Indirect Speech -

1. No Inverted Commas are used.
2. No Comma is used to separate the Reported speech from the rest of the sentence.
3. A Conjunction, if necessary, is used to join the Reported Speech with the rest of the sentence.
4. The Tense of the Verb undergoes a change. (The Tense of the Verb in the Reported Speech is changed from Present to Past).