Question

Rate of dehydration of alcohols follows the order:

Answer 1

Answer:

$The rate of dehydration is related to the ease of formation of the carbocation and the energy of the carbocation intermediate.</p><p></p><p>The ease of formation of carbocation is tertiary>secondary>primary. That is the ease of abstraction of OH2+OHX2X+ COULD BE be R>Q/S>P.</p><p></p><p>Let's look at a comparison of the energy of the carbocation intermediates in all these cases.</p><p></p><p>A carbocation may be stabilized by resonance by a carbon-carbon double bond next to the ionized carbon. Such cations as allyl cation CH2=CH−CH2+CHX2=CH−CHX2X+ and benzyl cation C6H5−CH2+CX6HX5−CHX2X+ are more stable than most other carbocations. Molecules that can form allyl or benzyl carbocations are especially reactive. These carbocations where the C+ is adjacent to another carbon atom that has a double or triple bond have extra stability because of the overlap of the empty p orbital of the carbocation with the p orbitals of the ππ bond. This overlap of the orbitals allows the charge to be shared between multiple atoms – delocalization of the charge - and, therefore, stabilizes the carbocation.</p><p></p><p>$

Answer 2

Answer:

The rate of dehydration is related to the ease of formation of the carbocation and the energy of the carbocation intermediate. The ease of formation of carbocation is tertiary>secondary>primary. That is the ease of abstraction of OH2+OHX2X+ COULD BE be R>Q/S>P. Let's look at a comparison of the energy of the carbocation intermediates in all these cases. A carbocation may be stabilized by resonance by a carbon-carbon double bond next to the ionized carbon. Such cations as allyl cation CH2=CH−CH2+CHX2=CH−CHX2X+ and benzyl cation C6H5−CH2+CX6HX5−CHX2X+ are more stable than most other carbocations. Molecules that can form allyl or benzyl carbocations are especially reactive. These carbocations where the C+ is adjacent to another carbon atom that has a double or triple bond have extra stability because of the overlap of the empty p orbital of the carbocation with the p orbitals of the ππ bond. This overlap of the orbitals allows the charge to be shared between multiple atoms – delocalization of the charge - and, therefore, stabilizes the carbocation. \

Explanation:

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