raw materials for synthetic polymer
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Plastics are organic materials that contain such elements as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S). They are made from raw materials such as oil, natural gasand coal. The first step in making plastics is the polymerization of the raw materials, resulting in a product called a monomer.
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Petrochemicals are the raw materials used to manufacture synthetic fibre.
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
NATURALLY OCCURRING POLYMERS
This group consists of naturally occurring polymers and chemical modifications of these polymers. Cellulose, starch, lignin, chitin, and various polysaccharides are included in this group.These materials and their derivatives offer a wide range of properties and applications. Natural polymers tend to be readily biodegradable, although the rate of degradation is generally inversely proportional to the extent of chemical modification.
–
Naturally occuring polymers
exist in
plants or animals
–Natural polymers are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen –Examples of naturally occuring polymers are
(a)
Protein
: in muscles, skin, silk, hair, wool and fur
(b)
Carbohydrates
: in starch and cellulose
(c)
Natural rubber
: in latex –Proteins is formed by the polymerisation or monomers known as amino acids
polymerisation
amino acids protein
(monomers) (polymer)
–Carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose consist of monomers known as glucose joinedtogether chemically.
polymerisation
glucose carbohydrates
(monomers) (polymer)
–
Natural rubber found in latex consists of monomers known as isoprene ( 2 – methylbuta – 1, 3 – diene ) joined together chemically.
–
Natural rubber comprises the molecules of the monomer 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, alsocalled isopropene, joined together to form a long chain.
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
•
Synthetic polymer is a polymer that is manufactured in industry from chemicalsubstances through the polymerisation process. Through research, scientists are now ableto copy the structure of natural polymers to produce synthetic polymers.
•
Plastics, synthetic fibres and elastomers are examples of synthetic polymers.
•
The
raw materials
for the manufacture of
synthetic polymers
are distilates of petroleum
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
NATURALLY OCCURRING POLYMERS
This group consists of naturally occurring polymers and chemical modifications of these polymers. Cellulose, starch, lignin, chitin, and various polysaccharides are included in this group.These materials and their derivatives offer a wide range of properties and applications. Natural polymers tend to be readily biodegradable, although the rate of degradation is generally inversely proportional to the extent of chemical modification.
–
Naturally occuring polymers
exist in
plants or animals
–Natural polymers are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen –Examples of naturally occuring polymers are
(a)
Protein
: in muscles, skin, silk, hair, wool and fur
(b)
Carbohydrates
: in starch and cellulose
(c)
Natural rubber
: in latex –Proteins is formed by the polymerisation or monomers known as amino acids
polymerisation
amino acids protein
(monomers) (polymer)
–Carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose consist of monomers known as glucose joinedtogether chemically.
polymerisation
glucose carbohydrates
(monomers) (polymer)
–
Natural rubber found in latex consists of monomers known as isoprene ( 2 – methylbuta – 1, 3 – diene ) joined together chemically.
–
Natural rubber comprises the molecules of the monomer 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, alsocalled isopropene, joined together to form a long chain.
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
•
Synthetic polymer is a polymer that is manufactured in industry from chemicalsubstances through the polymerisation process. Through research, scientists are now ableto copy the structure of natural polymers to produce synthetic polymers.
•
Plastics, synthetic fibres and elastomers are examples of synthetic polymers.
•
The
raw materials
for the manufacture of
synthetic polymers
are distilates of petroleum
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