Question

reaction of monochlorobenzene with hydrochloric acid

Answer 1

Monochlorobenzene is produced by the reaction of benzene with chlorine. A mixture of monochlorobenzene and dichlorobnzene is produced, with a small amount of trichlorobenzene. Hydrogen chloride is produced as a by-product. Benzene is fed to the reactor in excess to promote the production of monochlorobenzene. The reactor products are fed to a condenser, where the chlorobenzenes and unreacted benzenes are condensed. The condensate is separated from the non-condensable gases in a separator. The non-condensables, hydrogen chloride and unreacted chlorine pass to an absorption column where the hydrogen chloride is absorbed in water. The chlorine leaving the absorber is recycled to the reactor. The liquid phase from the separator, chlorobenzene and unreacted benzene, is fed to a distillation column, where the chlorobenzenes are separated from the unreacted benzene. The benzene is recycled to the reactor. Using the data given below, calculate the stream flows and draw up a preliminary flow sheet for the production of 1.0 tonne monochlorobenzene per day. Hint: start the material balance at the reactor inlet (after the addition of the recycle streams) and use a basis of 100kmol/h at this point. Data: Reactor: Reactions C6H6 + Cl2 C6H5Cl + HCl C6H6 + 2Cl2 C6H4Cl2 + 2HCl Mol ratio Cl2: C6H6 at inlet to reactor = 0.9 Overall conversion of benzene = 55.3 per cent Yield of monochorobenzene = 73.6 Yield of dichlorobenzene = 27.3 per cent Production of other chlorinated compounds can be neglected. Condenser: Assume that all the chlorobenzenes and unreacted benzene condenses. Assume that the vapour pressure of the liquid at the condenser temperature is not significant; i.e. that no chlorobenzene or benzene is carried over in the gas stream. Separator: Assume complete separation of the liquid and gas phases. Absorber: Assume 100 per cent absorption of hydrogen chloride, and that 98 per cent of the chlorine is recycled, the remainder being dissolved in water. The water supply to the absorber is set to produce a 30% w/w strength hydrochloric acid. Distillation column: Take the recovery of benzene to be 95% and complete separation of the chlorobenzenes.


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