Read lesson and write the summary of it.
In india, the worst of both worlds
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Answer:
They are slighted and have been kept at arm’s length for centuries, with their community’s name used as an invective in offensive contexts. Islam with its egalitarian principles has not helped them, as they are still seen as pariahs engaged in a menial job.
Known variously as Dudekula, Noorbash, Laddaf and Pinjari across the State, these less fortunate Muslims face the ‘worst of both the worlds’ - culturally as well as constitutionally. They are one among those engaged in ‘unclean’ occupations among Muslims of Andhra Pradesh, as listed in the Rajinder Sachar Committee Report on Social, Economic, and Educational status of Muslim community in India.
Elders would remember the Dudekula members as those engaged in the occupation of ‘cotton cleaning’, which is the thrashing out of the crude cotton to separate the seeds and impurities, so that it can be stuffed into mattresses. Mohd. Haneef from old city is a quintessential example from the era.