Question

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v)
Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are
converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are either
chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms
of the reactants to create different substances as products. Study this table related to the
different types of reactions / processes and answer the questions that follow.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.reactions in organisms. We have seen examples of metabolic processes in the primary and secondary metabolites covered in Chapter 6. Overall, the three main purposes of metabolism are: (1) the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes; (2) the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates; and (3) the elimination of waste products. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. (The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediate metabolism.)

Metabolic reactions may be categorized as catabolic – the breaking down of compounds (for example, the breaking down of proteins into amino acids during digestion); or anabolic – the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). Usually, catabolism releases energy, and anabolism consumes energy.

Figure 7.1 Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions. Catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of molecules into smaller components, whereas anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller molecules. Catabolic reactions usually release energy whereas anabolic processes usually require energy.

Figure is modified from Metabolism Overview