Read the following excerpts of Washington’s Farewell address and then answer the questions.
Excerpt #1
…However combinations or associations of the above description [parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of government; destroying afterwards the very engines, which have lifted them to unjust dominion.
…I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to founding them on geographical discriminations. Let me know take a more comprehensive view, and warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party, generally.
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes, in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled or repressed; but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
The alternate dominion of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries, has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism; but this leads at length to more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an Individual…
What are the problems caused by parties according to Washington?
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