Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
1. The first European to explore the Amazon, in 1541, was the Spanish soldier Francisco de
Orellana, who gave the river its name after reporting pitched battles with tribes of female
warriors, whom he likened to the Amazons of Greek mythology. Although the name Amazon is
conventionally employed for the entire river, in Peruvian and Brazilian nomenclature it properly is
applied only to sections of it.
2. The debate over the location of the true source of the Amazon and over the river‘s precise
length sharpened during the second half of the 20th century. As technological advances made it
possible to explore deeper into the extremely remote locations of the Amazon‘s headstreams
and to more accurately measure stream lengths. Beginning in the 1950s, explorers of the region
cited various mountains in Peru as possible sources, but they did so without taking precise
measurements or applying hydrological research.
3. An expedition in 1971, sponsored by the National Geographic Society, pinpointed
Carruhasanta Creek, which runs off the north slope of Mount Mismi in southern Peru, as the
source of the river. This location became widely accepted in the scientific community and
remained so until the mid-1990s—although a Polish expedition in 1983 contended that the
source of the river was actually another stream, nearby Apacheta Creek.
4. The Amazon River Basin is home to the largest rainforest on Earth covering some 40% of the
South American continent and includes parts of eight South American countries. The Amazon
River is the world's largest river in terms of discharge and the second longest river in the world
after the Nile. The river is made up of over 1,100 tributaries, 17 of which are longer than 1000
miles. Fifteen million years ago, the Andes were formed by the collision of the South American
plate with the Nazca plate.
5. The rise of the Andes Mountains and the linkage of the Brazilian and Guyana bedrock shields
blocked the river and caused the Amazon to become a vast inland sea. Gradually, this inland
sea became a massive swampy, freshwater lake and the marine inhabitants adapted to life in
freshwater. About ten million years ago, waters worked through the sandstone to the west and
the Amazon began to flow eastward. At this time the Amazon rainforest was born.
6. During the Ice Age, sea levels dropped and the great Amazon Lake rapidly drained and
became a river. When the ice age ended, the forest was again joined and the species that were
once diverged united significantly enough to constitute as separate species, adding to the
tremendous diversity of the region. About 6000 years ago, sea levels rose about 130 meters,
once again causing the river to be inundated like a long, giant freshwater lake.
On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions. (4)
1. How was the Amazon rainforest formed?
2. What happened during the Ice Age?
3. What happened when the ice age ended?
4. What is the widely accepted source of the Amazon River in the scientific comm
Answers
Answer:
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Answer:
1-About ten million years ago, waters worked through the sandstone to the west and
the Amazon began to flow eastward. At this time the Amazon rainforest was born.
2- during the Ice age sea levels dropped and the the great Amazon lake rapidly drained and became a river .
3-when the Ice age ended the forest was again joint and the species that were one diverse United enough to constitute as separate species, adding to the tremendous diversity of the region.
4- An expedition in 1971, sponsored by the National Geographic Society, pinpointed Carruhasanta Creek, which runs off the north slope of Mount Mismi in southern Peru, as the source of the river. This location became widely accepted in the scientific community and remained so until the mid-1990s—although a Polish expedition in 1983 contended that the source of the river was actually another stream, nearby Apacheta Creek.
Explanation:
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