Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
The Battle of Chancellorsville was one of the most famous battles fought during the turbulent years of the American Civil War. This battle was fought between the Union Army of Potomac and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. It took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For days at stretch, the two armies had been staked out on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate troops were led by perhaps the most revered military tactician in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union soldiers were led by "Fighting" Joe Hooker.
In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, the two commanders were nearly perfect opposites, Robert Lee, the Commander of the Confederate Army, was an older man in poor health with a gray beard, and somber, measured demeanor. Quite unlike him, Joe Hooker was a blond, strapping young man whose vanity over his appearance was but one aspect of his egotism. While Lee-was devout and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.
Despite the fact that the Confederacy had won the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were famished, exhausted, and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, "My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none." Why, aside from a propensity for narcissism, was Hooker so confident? Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee's army. He had discerned, for example, that Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker's own 134,000.
Buoyed by his superior numbers, Hooker covertly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves behind Lee's army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage,
Hooker became convinced that Lee's only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus assuring a Union victory. Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive were dismissed as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but to retreat, Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee's army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee's troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker's forces withdrew in defeat.
(a) Give the meaning of each of the following words as used in the passage. One word answers or short phrases will be accepted.
(i) Revered
(ii) Propensity
(iii) Discerned
(b) Answer the following questions briefly, in your own words.
(i) When and where did the Battle of Chancellorsville take place? Between whom was this battle fought?
(ii) Why did Hooker lose the battle?.
(iii) Draw a contrast between the personalities of Lee and Hooker.
(iv) Why was Hooker confident of victory against Lee?
(v) What was Lee's plan to win the battle?
(c) In not more than 50 words write how Hooker planned to defeat Lee.
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By the law of constant proportion, chemical formula for a compound can't be changed, its always fixed.
But the reaction is balanced by equating number of atoms of different elements on both sides by multiplying reactant or product with whole numbers or fraction.
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Answer:
a (1) admired and held in high esteem
(2) Inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way
(3) Recognised or comprehended mentally
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