Question

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions.
Agriculture has been practised in India for thousands of years. Sustained uses of land without
compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development.
Inspite of development of sources of irrigation most of the farmers in large parts of the country
still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. For a
growing population, this poses a serious challenge. Agriculture which provides livelihood for
more than 60 per cent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms.
Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc.
were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. ‘Land
reform’ was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already
lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings.
The laws of land reforms were enacted but the implementation was lacking or lukewarm. The
Government of India embarked upon introducing agricultural reforms to improve Indian
agriculture in the1960s and 1970s. The Green Revolution based on the use of package
technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to
improve the lot of Indian agriculture. But, this too led to the concentration of development in
few selected areas. Therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development
programme was initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms. Provision for
crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen
banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates
of interest were some important steps in this direction.

1. Even in the era of technology, __________ can deliver a hard blow to Indian farmers.

2. _________________________ has obstructed the pace of agricultural development in our
country.
a) techno-institutional changes
b) Sustained uses of land
c) less facilities
d) none of these

3. The main focus of our First Five Year Plan was ____________.

4. Name two strategies that were initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.

5. The steps taken by the government for land development programme in 1980s and 1990s
were _________
a) Provision for crop insurance
b) establishment of Grameen banks
mlkdavd/2020-21/HHW/Class X
c) cooperative societies
d) all the above

6. Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy. (True/False)

7. _________ led to the fragmentation of land holdings.

8. The land reforms and its implementation were a huge success.(True/false)

Answer 1

Answer:

1.thousands of years

2.techno-institutional changes

3.land reform

4.green revolution and white revolution

5.all of the above

6.true

7.right of inheritance

8.true