Question

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: 1. Petroleum is a brownish-black oily fluid that can be found in the ground and in the sea. In its unprocessed form, it is known as crude oil. There are many petroleum products that are essential for our everyday life. Fuels , like petrol for motor vehicles and kerosene for heaters, plastic, asphalt and wax for candles; are all obtained from petroleum. The four main producers of crude oil in the world today are the Middle East, Russia, the United States and Venezuela. 2. Petroleum was formed under the ground many millions of years ago. Plants and animals living in the sea sank to the sea bed when they died. Their remains, mixed with sand and mud in layered deposits, built up slowly over the years. The combined action of heat, pressure and bacteria turned these deposits into petroleum. The petroleum moved slowly upwards to the porous rocks and became trapped there. With the passage of time, land that was once under water rose to the surface of the sea. As such, petroleum deposits are now found on or near dry land. 3. Crude oil is obtained from the ground through drilling. A drill is hung from a derrick which may be as high as 60 meters. A derrick is a tower-like structure which is built over an oil well to raise and lower the drill. If the drill reaches oil-bearing rocks, the oil may rush to the surface at great force and gush like a fountain. However, this seldom happens. Usually the oil rises to the surface slowly. Sometimes when there is no or low underground pressure, the crude oil has to be pumped out. 4. Once the crude oil is obtained, it is sent to a refinery to be processed. Pipelines carry the oil from the oil fields to the collecting stations. Then, huge oil tankers are used to carry the crude oil by sea to the refineries. 5. At the refinery, the crude oil undergoes a basic refinery process called distillation, which separates it into fractions or components. Crude oil is heated to various high temperatures during distillation. The hot vapours rise up the fractionating tower which is more than 30 meters high. As these vapours cool, different fractions begin to condense and form lubricating oils, kerosene and gasoline. Selected petroleum fractions may be subjected to chemical processes to obtain other products. I. On the basis of your reading of the given passage, answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each. a) How can you say that petroleum is a useful product? b) How is petroleum formed? c) What is a derrick? d) Describe the distillation process. e) How does the crude oil reach the refineries? II. On the basis of your reading of the given passage, fill in the following blanks with appropriate words/phrases: a) The main producers of crude oil are ……………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. b) The crude oil has to be pumped out if ……………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. c) When the vapours cool, …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….. III. Find out words /phrases from the passage that mean the same as: a) unrefined (para-1) ………………………...………. b) changed (para-2) ………………………………… c) move with force (para-3) ……………………………….… *********************************************************

Answer 1

Answer:

a. middle east , Russia ,The United States ,and the Venezuela

b. sometimes when there is no or low underground pressure crude oil had to be pumped out

c. as the vapors cool different fractions begin to condense as forming lubricating oil

d. petroleum is brownish black

. turned

. drilling

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