Question

Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions.
It has taken a tsunami to bring the coastal areas and rural coastal communities- the country’s
tail-end ecosystem and its marginalised people - into sustained mainstream attention. In normal
times, there has rarely been so much coverage of fisher folk, other coastal poor and their
problems in the media. The terrifying images of death and devastation along the narrow
two-kilometre swathe of our southern coastline have left a lasting impression on civil society. It
also brought to public attention the wide range of economic activity that has moved towards the
coast. The debate on how to protect coastal lives and coastal ecosystems is now widespread.
There are four features of the coastal area ecosystem which makes it a particularly sensitive
eco-zone. First, it is an interface zone where land meets the sea. It is therefore dynamic and
non-static in its geo-physical and chemical parameters. Secondly, it has the highest primary
productivity on the planet. Thirdly, it is the tail-end ecosystem and consequently receives all the
negative externalities of terrestrial pollution. Fourthly, it is where the human population density
is highest and is also home to several socially isolated and disadvantaged communities such as
fisher folk.
Where, once only isolated marine fishing communities existed, we now have a wide array of
economic activity. These include five-star hotels, nuclear power plants, pilgrimage centres,
coastal highways, aquaculture farms, ship breaking yards, large chemical industry units, refinery
units, sea cargo terminals, luxury residential colonies, fishing harbours, missile launching
facilities and amusement parks. Many of these have entered the coast over the last two decades.
However with this expansion the original inhabitants are rarely taken into confidence. The rights
of the original settlers have been changed over time as the freedom that they once enjoyed has
been curbed and they have become the recipients of all the negative externalities of new
activities - air and sea pollution, nuclear radiation, invasion of their cultural rights, to name but a
few. Rarely have they been given adequate compensation for loss of their occupation, dignity,
land and cultural rights.
The post-tsunami disaster vulnerability reduction measures (the relief and rehabilitation) -
including those provided by the state are considered as neither a pure public good nor a pure
private good. These measures often lie in the intermediate terrain between the two. A tsunami
early warning system is near the public end and the quake and tsunami resistant homes near the
private end. Other measures like community facilities are somewhere in between. It is, therefore,
not just the quantum of disaster vulnerability reduction measures but to whom they are provided,
that matters most. We need to encourage public policies, which give priority to risk mitigation of
those who are less able to acquire it privately because they are poor and dispossessed.
Sustainable development of the coastal tract and greater entitlements and capabilities for the poor
can be ensured only with a new structure of rights to an ecosystem which covers both land and
sea.
Q1 (a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and
subheadings.Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary

Answer 1

Answer:

I don't know answer soryyyyyyyyyy

Explanation:

sorryyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy