Question

Read the following statements and answer the question given below:- a) They are smaller in size. b) They have nucleoid. c) They do not have Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria. Which group of organisms does ‘they’ refer to in the above statements?

Answer 1

Answer:

Prokaryotes

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

please mark this answer as the brainliest

Explanation:

Cytokinesis, or “cell motion,” is the second main stage of the mitotic phase during which cell division is completed via the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells. In cells such as animal cells that lack cell walls, cytokinesis follows the onset of anaphase. A contractile ring composed of actin filaments forms just inside the plasma membrane at the former metaphase plate. The actin filaments pull the equator of the cell inward, forming a fissure. This fissure, or “crack,” is called the cleavage furrow. The furrow deepens as the actin ring contracts, and eventually the membrane is cleaved in two. In plant cells, a new cell wall must form between the daughter cells. During interphase, the Golgi apparatus accumulates enzymes, structural proteins, and glucose molecules prior to breaking into vesicles and dispersing throughout the dividing cell. During telophase, these Golgi vesicles are transported on microtubules to form a phragmoplast (a vesicular structure) at the metaphase plate. There, the vesicles fuse and coalesce from the center toward the cell walls; this structure is called a cell plate. As more vesicles fuse, the cell plate enlarges until it merges with the cell walls at the periphery of the cell. Enzymes use the glucose that has accumulated between the membrane layers to build a new cell wall. The Golgi membranes become parts of the plasma membrane on either side of the new cell wall.

Lysosomes are small vesicles which are bounded by a single membrane and contain hydrolytic enzymes in the form of minute crys­talline or semi-crystalline granules of 5-8 nm. About 50 enzymes have been recorded to occur in them. All the enzymes do not occur in the same lysosome but there are different sets of enzymes in different types of lysosomes. The important enzymes are acid phosphatases, sulphatases, proteases, peptidases, nucleases, lipases, and carbohydrates. They are also called acid hydrolases because these digestive enzymes usually function in acidic medium or pH of 4—5. Acidic conditions are maintained inside the lysosomes by pumping of H+ or protons into them. Lysosomes are believed to be formed by the joint activity of endoplasmic reticulum endosomes and Golgi complex (GERL system)