Question

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions given below: Indian classical music has two major traditions- Hindustani and Carnatic. The North Indian classical music tradition is called Hindustani, while the South Indian music tradition is called Carnatic. Though they are distinct and well-defined now, their sources are the same and the differences between these traditions were not clear till about the 16th century. Hence the two traditions have a lot in common. The origin of Indian classical music can be traced back to the Vedic age, in the melodic way in which the Vedas were chanted. During the late Vedic period, a form of music known as ‘Samgana’ was popular, wherein Vedic verses were set to music. We find references to Indian classical music in Vedic literature as well as in the Natyashastra, a classic Sanskrit text by Bharata Muni. Though the Natyashastra mainly deals with theatre and drama, a few chapters do talk about music. Here we get the information on scales, melodic forms, rhythm and musical instruments as well as the feelings and moods that they give rise to. Another important text on Indian classical music, from which both Hindustani and Carnatic music draw significantly, is the 13th century Sanskrit text Sangita Ratnakara by Sharngadeva. Two essential elements of Indian classical music are the raga and the tala. Any music comprises seven basic notes- Shadja, rishabh, gandhar, madhyam, pancham, dhaivat and nishad, which have been shortened to form Sa, Ri (Carnatic) or Re (Hindustani), Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha and Ni. Indian musical instruments can be roughly classified into four groups- string instruments, wind instruments, drums and non-drum percussion instruments. Both Hindustani and Carnatic music use a mix of these instruments. Instruments that are played as accomplishment to both forms of classical music include the tabla, which is a type of drum and usually keeps the rhythm; the stringled tanpura that is usually played at a steady tone throughout the performance of a raga; the sarangi; and the harmonium. Questions: a) What are the two major traditions of Indian classical music? b) Why is the origin of Indian music traced back to the Vedic age? c) What do you mean by ‘Samgana’? d) Which book is written by Bharata Muni? e) What are the two essential elements of Indian classical music? f) Which Sanskrit text was written by Sharngadeva? g) What are the classifications of Indian musical instruments? h) What are the four instruments that are played as accompaniment with Indian classical music?

Answer 1

Answer:A)hindustani and CarnaticB)because they were in melodic wayC)samagana is a form of music which was very popular in Vedic period where Vedic verses were set to music.D)in the natyashastra a Sanskrit text was written by himE)raga and talaF)text sangita ratnakaraG)4 types... string instruments wind instruments drums non drum precussion instruments.H) 1.tabla 2.stringed tanpura 3.sarangi 4.harmonium.....hope it helps u

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