Question

Read the passage given below 8 Marks
Keeping cities clean is essential for keeping their residents healthy. Our health
depends not just on personal hygiene and nutrition, but critically also on how clean we
keep our cities and their surroundings The spread of dengue and chikungunya are
intimately linked to the deteriorating state of public health conditions in our cities
The good news is that waste management to keep cities clean is now getting attention
through the Swachh Bharat Mission However, much of the attention begins and stops
with the brooms and the dustbins, extending at most to the collection and
transportation of the mixed waste to some distant or not so distant place, preferably
out of sight
The challenge of processing and treating the different streams of solid waste, and safe
disposal of the residuals in scientific landfills, has received much less attention in
municipal solid waste management than is expected from a health point of view One of
the problems is that instead of focusing on waste management for health, we have got
sidetracked into "waste for energy If only we were to begin by not making the
biodegradable component of solid waste (close 10 60 percent of the total in our cities
with the dry waste, and instead use this stream of waste for composting and producing
a gas called methane
City compost from biodegradable waste provides an alternative to farmyard manure
(like cow-dung) it provides an opportunity to simultaneously clean up our cities and
help improve agricultural productivity and quality of the soil Organic
manure or compost plays a very important role as a supplement to chemical
fertilisers in enriching the nutrient-deficient soils. City compost can be the new
player in the field
Benefits of compost on the farm are well-known. The water holding capacity of the soil
which uses compost helps with drought-proofing, and the requirement of less water
per crop is a welcome feature for a water-stressed future By making the soil porous,
use of compost also makes roots stronger and resistant to pests and decay Farmers
using compost, therefore, need less quantity of pesticides. There is also evidence to
suggest that horticulture crops grown with compost have better flavour, size colour
and shelf-life
City compost has the additional advantage of being weed-free unlike farmyard manure
which brings with it the seeds of undigested grasses and requires a substantial
additional labour cost for weeding as the crops grow. City compost is also rich in
organic carbon, and our soils are short in this Farmers clearly recognize the value of
city compost. If city waste was composted before making it available to the farmers
for applying to the soil, cities would be cleaned up and the fields around them would
be much more productive
Quite apart from cleaning up the cities of biodegradable waste, this would be a
major and sustainable contribution to improving the health of our soil without
further damage by excessive chemical inputs. What a marvellous change from
waste to health
The good news is that some states are regularly laying plastic roads Plastic roads
will not only withstand future monsoon damage but will also solve a city's problem of
disposing of non-recyclable plastic it is clear that if the mountains of waste from our
cities were to be recycled into road construction material, it would tackle the problem
of managing waste while freeing up scarce land.
a. On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using
headings and subheadings. Use recognisable abbreviations wherever necessary
(minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title
to it.
b. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words.​

Answer 1

Answer:

photosynthesis is a process in which plants get the food.

Explanation:

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