. Read the passage given below carefully : (1) Last summer I boarded a flight from the ICI airport The airplane waited at the runway in a queue to take off for one hour, with the engines running. A lot of aviation fuel was wasted. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and water vapour were released into the atmosphere.
(2) With the entry of many players in the aviation industry, pollution has reached the skies as well. With the number of airline flights worldwide growing and expected to skyrocket over the coming decades, the problem of delayed arrival and departure will intensify.
(3) The inefficiencies in the air and on the ground caused by the system also mean wastage of fuel and excess of COL No doubt, the air travel industry is coming under scrutiny for its role in climate change. Though aviation industry contributes only 2% of the total C-emissions. But with the rapid economic growth and ever increasing affordability of air travel, this industry will only expand at a much faster pace than ever before, thus increasing the rate of carbon emissions.
(4) Aircraft emission pollutes the air and threatens to become one of the largest contributors of global warming by 2050. At present, pollution from the aircrafts is less than 3% of the environmental pollution, but it is believed that aircraft emissions are currently one of the fastest growing contributors to global warming.
(5) Amicable and a sustainable solution comes from the next generation jet bio-fuels made from algae or coconuts. Another sustainable alternative would be to put an analog traffic-control system, which is installed in a few airports around the world.
(6) Next Gen is the FAA's (Federal Aviation Administration) long term plan to replace the current U.S. radar based air - traffic - control system with one that operates using satellites and a global positioning system. Instead of a radar system, that updates the position of planes only as often as its dish rotates every 12 sec. or so, next Gen will use satellite data to locate planes in real time. Instead of relying on time consuming voice communication with a control tower, pilots will instantly know the location, speed and direction of the planes around them. Every minute saved from a flight plan means fuel saved and carbon emissions averted. And with jet fuel costing about $ 1.75 per gallon that save the millions of the airlines.
(A) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, answer the following statements briefly :
(a) What is the outcome of the entry of many players in the aviation industry ?
(b) What did the inefficiencies in the air and on the ground caused by the system mean ?
(c) What does every minute saved from a flight plan mean
(d) What is FAA's long term plan ?
(B) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following :
(e) discharge :
(i) boarded (ii) aviation
(iii) emission (iv) fuel
(f) prevented something from happening :
(i) averted (ii) delayed
(ill) pace (iv) affordability
(g) capable of working successfully :
(i) sustainable (ii) viable
(iii) install (iv) update
(h) move in a circle round a central position :
(i) rotate (ii) analog
(iii) satellite (iv) speed
Answers
(A) (a) With the entry of many players in the aviation industry, pollution has reached the sky. Moreover, the problem of delayed arrival and departure will also intensify.
(b) The inefficiencies in the air and on the ground caused by the system mean wastage of fuel and excessive CO2.
(c) Every minute saved from a flight plan means fuel saved and carbon emission averted.
(d) FAA's long term plan is to replace the current US radar based air traffic-control system with one that operates using satellites and a global positioning system.
( B ) (e) (iii) emission
(f) (i) averted
(g) (ii) viable
(h) (i) rotate(A) (a) With the entry of many players in the aviation industry, pollution has reached the sky. Moreover, the problem of delayed arrival and departure will also intensify.
(b) The inefficiencies in the air and on the ground caused by the system mean wastage of fuel and excessive CO2.
(c) Every minute saved from a flight plan means fuel saved and carbon emission averted.
(d) FAA's long term plan is to replace the current US radar based air traffic-control system with one that operates using satellites and a global positioning system.
( B ) (e) (iii) emission
(f) (i) averted
(g) (ii) viable
(h) (i) rotate