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The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution
in 1789. France, as you would remember, was a full-fledged territorial
state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch. The political and
constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led
to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French
citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would
henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various
measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity
amongst the French people. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le
citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community
enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the
tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. The Estates
General was elected bythe body of active citizens and renamed the
National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs
commemorated, all in the name of the nation. A centralized administrative
system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens
within its territory. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a
uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Regional dialects
were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris,
became the common language of the nation,
(i)At the time of French Revolution it was under the rule of
(a) Constituent Assembly
(b) An absolute monarchy
(c) Liberal monarch who supported the uprising
(d) None of the above
(ii) From the very beginning French Revolution tried to create the
(a) Idea of democracy
(b) Sense of collectiveness
(c) Idea of cooperative
(d) None of the above
(iii) Which of the following statements correctly, define the idea of a la
patrie and le citoyen?
(a) United community enjoying equal rights
(b) Rights are protected by the Constitution
(c) Liberalism must be acquired
(d) Both (a) and (b)(iv) The National Assembly took the initiative to....
(a) Introduce centralized administrative system
(b) Formulated uniform laws
(c) Internal custom duties and dues were abolished
(d) All of the above
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The answers are as follows:
- At the time of French Revolution it was under an absolute monarchy.
- From the very beginning French Revolution tried to create a sense of collectiveness.
- The statement that correctly defines the idea of a la patrie and le citoyen is both (a) and (b).
- The National Assembly took the initiative to do all the given options (Option D) i.e. introduce centralized administrative system , formulated uniform laws , abolished internal custom duties and dues.
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