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Ernst Renan,
“What is a Nation?' In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French
philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. In this essay
Renan criticizes the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race,
religion, or territory:
'A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavors, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great
men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in
the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to
perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-
scale solidarity ... Its existence is a daily plebiscite ... A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the
right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on
to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence
is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.
1) Evaluate Renan's opinion about what cannot be called as a nation.
2) According to Renan, what assures the existence of nation
3) State two reasons how the spirit of nation state was instilled in the people?
mmercial farmina with three points for each
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sorry this is to long this is taking more time
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