Question

Read the source given below and answer the question that follows:

The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and

territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of

the nation: art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape

nationalist feelings. Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to

develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artist and poets

generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead

on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.

Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common

cultural past, as the basis of a nation. Other Romantics such as the German

philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true German

culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. It was

through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the

nation (volksgeist) was popularised. So collecting and recording these forms

of folk culture was essential to the project of nation-building.

Poland, had been partitioned at the end of the eighteenth century by the

Great Powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria. Even though Poland no longer

existed as an independent territory, national feelings were kept alive through

music and language. Karol Kurpinski, for example, celebrated the national

struggle through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise

and mazurka into nationalist symbols.

23.1 The idea of Nationalism came through...

a) Wars and territorial expansion

b) strong devotion to one’s own nation

c) Cultural revolution

d) All the above​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

D is correct answer

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