Question

Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most

appropriate option:

Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the

pace of agricultural development. Inspite of development of sources of irrigation most of

the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in

order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge.

Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population, needs

some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of

holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about

institutional reforms in the country after Independence. The right of inheritance had already

lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. The laws of

land reforms were enacted but the implementation was lacking or lukewarm. The

Government of India embarked upon introducing agricultural reforms to improve Indian

agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s. The Green Revolution based on the use of package

technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies

initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. But, this too led to the concentration of

development in few selected areas.

53 One can infer from the above given information that agriculture face serious challenges.

Which one of the following is the major concern during 1980s?

A. food and fruit crops are expensive in the market

B. shift to multifarious crops according to demand

C. periodic scarcity of water in many regions

D. soil degradation and extensive green revolution



54 Identify the institutional reform introduced in the country after independence

A. Kissan Credit Card

B. Introduction of MSP

14 of 15

C. Converting the small land holdings to large ones

D. Fragmentation of land holdings

55 Which of the following was the main focus of our First Five Year plan?

A. cost of food grains

B. land reforms

C industrialization

D. globalization



56 Read the following statements and find the correct from the given options:

I. Reduction of import duties on agriculture is a major problem faced by farmers.

II. Green Revolution produced good results in the widespread areas of the country

III. Operation Flood was a strategy to improve irrigation facilities of the country.

Options:

A. I & II

B. II&III

C. III Only

D. I Only



57 “Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari,

etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after

Independence.” Infer the conditions which led to the above mentioned institutional reforms

in India.

A. Agriculture is a primary activity which produces most the food that we consume.

B. Our Population grew at a faster rate than agriculture production

C. Agriculture is the supplier of raw materials for the industries

D. Export of commercial crops like tea and coffee earns valuable foreign exchange.



58 What can be done to increase the share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product?

A. Investment in the areas of irrigation, bio manures and agricultural tools to be increased.

B. Increase the import duties on the agricultural product.

C. Providing alternative employment for the farmers to work and earn throughout the year.

D. Agro-based industries need to be set up in the industrial zones.

Answer 1

Answer:

sorry.

I don't understand your question.

Answer 2

D. Agro-based industries need to be set up in the industrial zones.

Explanation:

• In the countries, public policy can play an important role in ensuring that new innovations reach and benefit smallholders and encourage sustainable use of natural resources.

• This role requires policies that

(i) emphasize agriculture as an engine of growth and poverty reduction,

(i) emphasize agriculture as an engine of growth and poverty reduction,(ii) increase the competitiveness of modernized agricultural systems, and

(i) emphasize agriculture as an engine of growth and poverty reduction,(ii) increase the competitiveness of modernized agricultural systems, and(iii) encourage sustainable use. Focus on maintaining the resource base by eliminating the distortions it creates.

• Both infrastructure investment and institutional reforms can help in creating a conducive environment for the productivity growth of small farmers.

• In addition, a business policy environment that includes intellectual property protection, low trade barriers, and a transparent biosecurity process will foster additional private sector research investment in emerging economies.