Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows.
Source: The Movement in the towns.
The movement started with middle class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left
government controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers
gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except
Madras, where the Justice party, the party of non-Brahmins, felt that entering the council was one
way of gaining some power - something that usually only Brahmins had access to.
The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were
boycotted, liquor shops were picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of
foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs 102 Crore to Rs 57
Crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign
trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and
wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
Explain the role of "Justice Party" in boycotting of council elections.
il. How was the effects of non-cooperation on the economic front dramatic?
ili. Explain the effects of boycott movement on "foreign textile trade".
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Answers
Answer:
Non-cooperation movement started with middle class participation in the cities:
(i) This movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1920. Its aims were to show resentment to actions considered oppresive like Jaliayanwala Bagh and Rowlatt Act. Thousands of students left government controlled school and colleges.
(ii) Teachers, Headmasters resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
(iii) The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except made as where the justice party, the party of non-Brahmans felt that entering power the council was one way of gaining.
Impact on Economic Front
(i) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign clothes were burnt hugely.
(ii) In many areas, traders and merchants refused to trade in foreign goods and some- times even they refused to finance foreign trade. The import of foreign trade halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from 12crore to 57crore rupees.
(iii) As the boycott movement spread, people used only Indian clothes and began to dis card foregin clothes. As a result, production of Indian textile mills and handloom went up largely.
Or
Gandhiji was convinced that it was duty of woman to look after her family home, she should be good mothers and good wives. And for a long time the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation. They were kept inside the walls. Women? participation took its way in the following ways:
(i) During Gandhiji salt march thousands of women came out of their houses to listen to him.
(ii) They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquior shops.
(iii) Many women were arrested and went to Jail. In urban areas these women were from high caste families, e.g.: Sarojini Naidu, Satyavati Devi, Kamla Nehru etc. In rural areas they came from rich peasant household.
(iv) Women broke doors of shops, came on the roads and helped the movement leaders.
(v) In Bombay, large section of women of Gujrati community was influenced by Gandhiji? idealism and participated in National Movement. Bengal being the nerve-centre of female education in India, increased the women?s participation in nationalism. In 1930 women rallied before Bethune College, Calcutta in support of Gandhiji Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
1. The first presidential elections in Madras were through the council. Elections were carried out after the formation of a double government system by the Government of India Act. The elections were boycotted by Congress as it actively participated in the campaign of Non-cooperation.
2. The effect of non - cooperation movement was considerable as the foreign commodities were boycotted. Many sellers were no longer trading foreign commodities. It also led to a decline in imports as foreign clothing was burned and liquor shops were also seized. This ultimately led to a boost for Indian industries as people discarded foreign commodities and switched to Indian goods.
3. The impact of boycotting the foreign textile trade led to huge losses for the foreign cloth traders. People were openly burning clothes. During those years the importing of international cloths value saw a sharp decline from Rs. 100 crores to Rs. 50 crores.
Explanation:
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