Question

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class,
who earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of
goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer
members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included
professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and
believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social
position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and
equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke
and Jean Jacques Rousseau. In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the
doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward,
proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their
representatives. In ‘The Spirit of the Laws’, Montesquieu proposed a division of power
within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model
of government was put into force in the USA, after the thirteen colonies declared their
independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights
was an important example for political thinkers in France.
Q23.1 Which social groups emerged in Europe in 18th Century? [1]
a) Industrialists
b) Middle Class
c) Nobles
d) Aristocrats
Q23.2 In which estate the lawyers and administrative officials belonged to? [1]
a) First Estate
b) Second Estate
c) Third Estate
d) Fourth Estate

Q23.3. Who sought to refute the doctrine of divine and absolute right of the monarch? [1]
a) Rousseau
b) Montesquieu
c) Locke
d) Abbé Sieyès
Q23.4 Who was the author of ‘The Spirit of the Laws’? [1]
a) Mirabeau
b) Voltaire
c) Abbé Sieyès
d) Montesquieu

Answer 1

Epidemiology is the science concerned with the study of the factors that influence and determine the frequency and distribution of disease, injury, and other health -related events and their causes in a defined human population.

Answer 2

Answer:

overseas trade and from the manufacture of

goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exporteght by the richer

members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included

professions such as lawyers or administrative offthese were educated and

believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social

position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and

equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward as John Locke

and Jean Jacques Rousseau. In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the

doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward,

proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their

representatives. In ‘The Spirit of the Laws’, Montesquieu proposed a division