Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows-
Source A-Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate
and discussion. Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and
circulate their ideas. Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think
differently, and move them to action. This had significance in different spheres of life.
Source B-The Reading Mania
The ideas of scientists and philosophers now became more accessible to the common people.
Ancient and medieval scientific texts were compiled and published, and maps and scientific
diagrams were widely printed. When scientists like Isaac Newton began to publish their
discoveries, they could influence a much wider circle of scientifically minded readers. The
writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau were also
widely printed and read. Thus their ideas about science, reason and rationality found their
way into popular literature.
Source C --- Print Culture and the French Revolution
Print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers. Collectively, their writings provided
a critical commentary on tradition, superstition and despotism. They argued for the rule of
reason rather than custom, and demanded that everything be judged through the application of
reason and rationality. They attacked the sacred authority of the Church and the despotic
power of the state, thus eroding the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition. The
writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were read widely; and those who read these books saw the
world through new eyes, eyes that were questioning, critical and rational.
Source A-Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
23.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of Print in the transmission of ideas and cultures.
Source B-The Reading Mania
23.2 To what extent do you agree that scientific ideas were circulated through Print.? Give
only one aspect.
Source C --- Print Culture and the French Revolution
23.3To what extent did print culture create conditions for French Revolution ?. Cite any one
evidence to support your answer.
Answers
Answer:
23.1}▪Print introduced a new world of debate and discussionwhich led to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation with the contribution of Martin Luther.
23.2}▪Newspapers, journals, chapbooks and other medium popularised thescientific ideas of scientist and philosopherslike Isaac Newton,Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau.
23.3}▪•Print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers.
• All values, norms and institutions were re-evaluated and discussed.
• It led to the growth of hostile sentiments against the French monarchy.
•Any other relevant point Any one point to be explained.
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Explanation:
which of the following statements correctly describes about European conservative ideology