Question

Reasons responsible for the water scarcity in india

Answer 1

Answer:

Reasons behind water scarcity in India:

The water scarcity is mostly man made due to excess population growth and mismanagement of water resources. Some of the major reasons for water scarcity are:

1) Inefficient use of water for agriculture. India is among the top growers of agricultural produce in the world and therefore the consumption of water for irrigation is amongst the highest. Traditional techniques of irrigation causes maximum water loss due to evaporation, drainage, percolation, water conveyance, and excess use of groundwater. As more areas come under traditional irrigation techniques, the stress for water available for other purposes will continue. The solution lies in extensive use of micro-irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation.

2) Reduction in traditional water recharging areas. Rapid construction is ignoring traditional water bodies that have also acted as ground water recharging mechanism. We need to urgently revive traditional aquifers while implementing new ones.

3) Sewage and wastewater drainage into traditional water bodies. Government intervention at the source is urgently required if this problem is to be tackled.

4) Release of chemicals and effluents into rivers, streams and ponds. Strict monitoring and implementation of laws by the government, NGOs and social activists is required.

5) Lack of on-time de-silting operations in large water bodies that can enhance water storage capacity during monsoon. It is surprising that the governments at state levels has not taken this up on priority as an annual practice. This act alone can significantly add to the water storage levels.

6) Lack of efficient water management and distribution of water between urban consumers, the agriculture sector and industry. The government needs to enhance its investment in technology and include all stakeholders at the planning level to ensure optimization of existing resources.

Answer 2

Ans: Various Human activities responsible for Water Scarcity in India are:

   1) Indiscriminate use of water – Humans have been using water extensively in various things. They have been wasting water and using it injudiciously. This has lead to water scarcity in many states across India.

   2) Improper Storage and water utilisation techniques – In the case of the northeastern states, the problem is altogether different. The highest rainfall receiving area in whole world is in this region. But then also north eastern states face acute water shortage due to the improper infrastructure.

   3) Using water as a disposal medium of chemicals – Many industries use rivers as a dumping ground for their chemicals. They do not treat the water before disposal but put it directly in the rivers, thus creating water pollution and the water unfit for use.

   4) Inefficient agricultural irrigation methods – Improper use of the water to irrigate the fields leads in the wastage of tons and tons of water everyday. This leads in the wastage of water and thus causing water scarcity.

   5) Lack of grounds for water absorption – Due to the construction at various places, the water has no place to seep through. This results in the lowering of the water table thus causing problem of empting and drying of the wells.

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