Question

Reducing power at end of light reaction is generated by

Answer 1

Essentially all free energy utilized by biological systems arises from solar energy that is trapped by the process of photosynthesis. The basic equation of photosynthesis is deceptively simple. Water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbohydrates and molecular oxygen.



In this equation, (CH2O) represents carbohydrate, primarily sucrose and starch. The mechanism of photosynthesis is complex and requires the interplay of many proteins and small molecules. Photosynthesis in green plants takes place in chloroplasts (Figure 19.1). The energy of light captured by pigment molecules, called chlorophylls, in chloroplasts is used to generate high-energy electrons with great reducing potential. These electrons are used to produce NADPH as well as ATP in a series of reactions called the light reactions because they require light. NADPH and ATP formed by the action of light then reduce carbon dioxide and convert it into 3-phosphoglycerate by a series of reactions called the Calvin cycle or the dark reactions. The Calvin cycle will be discussed in Chapter 20. The amount of energy stored by photosynthesis is enormous. More than 1017kcal (4.2 × 1017 kJ) of free energy is stored annually by photosynthesis on Earth, which corresponds to the assimilation of more than 1010 tons of carbon into carbohydrate and other forms of organic matter.

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