Question

refraction of light In pen

Answer 1

the light is refracted due to the change in refractive index of the medium.the refractive index of pen might be more or less, so the light is refracted

Answer 2

IT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE OPTICAL DENSITIES THAT CAUSES THE DEVIATION.WHEN A RAY OF LIGHT ENTERING OBLIQUELY FROM ONE TRANSPARENT MEDIUM TO ANOTHER,ITS PATH UNDERGOES DEVIATION AT THE SURFACE OF SEPARATION.THIS IS REFRACTION.