Relational database equivalent of file in dbms known as
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Databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS)
A Database
There are many definitions of a database eg
An organised collection of related data
An organised collection of files in a specific subject area
Database Management System (DBMS)
Special software for managing a database
Database Models
Different database models organise data in different ways. This is transparent to the user but important for the person who organises the database.
Data Structures
Data is organised according to fields, records, files
Each piece of data which is kept in the database is called a data item
A data item is kept in a location called a field. Each field must contain the same type of data
A collection of fields about a certain object is called a record
A group of related records is called a file
A Database
This is a collection of files within an organisation
Flat File Organisation
Until the advent of DBMS most organisations previously used a flat file system (until the 1970's)
A flat file system meant each section of the organisation maintained its own filing system. There was no relationship between the methods used in different department or units in an organisation
Result
DUPLICATION of data (data redundancy)
RESOURCE WASTAGE -computer and human
ACCESS TO INFORMATION - difficult as it was spread all over the organisation
DIFFERENT STANDARDS within the same company
NO RELATIONSHIP between different databases in the org
INTEGRATION of data difficult
Increased opportunity for ERROR
DBMS
The power of a database is in the connections it has. Made possible by the use of DBMS. Files are logically integrated
Setting up a Database
The steps in creation of a database are
Designing the structure
Inputting the data
Database Terminology
Entity
This is the object, person, place or thing on which we wish to record data eg Student, Grant, Course
Attribute
This is something that describes an entity. If the entity is a student then some of the student's attributes would be Name, Address, Student No, Tel No, Course, etc
Field

Each Row represents a Record
This is the location in the database in which we record the attributes. The database designer decides on the fields when the database is being constructed initially. All fields with the same name should contain the same time of data. A field can contain numeric, alphabetic or logical data to name but some. A field is just a location in which the database holds data.
Record
A record contains all the data we have recorded on a certain 'entity'
Structure Design
Involves describing what data is needed
Deciding on field names
Deciding on field type
Character
Number
Data
Logical
Determine field width
Define key fields
The desired structure is set up using the software (MsAccess etc)
Once the database structure has been decided and set up, data can be input
Features of a Database
The DBMS makes it easy for the user to carry out the following tasks
List records (all or selected)
List only certain fields
Query - request data from the database
Create reports
Sort records
Update records
Delete records
Add records
A Database
There are many definitions of a database eg
An organised collection of related data
An organised collection of files in a specific subject area
Database Management System (DBMS)
Special software for managing a database
Database Models
Different database models organise data in different ways. This is transparent to the user but important for the person who organises the database.
Data Structures
Data is organised according to fields, records, files
Each piece of data which is kept in the database is called a data item
A data item is kept in a location called a field. Each field must contain the same type of data
A collection of fields about a certain object is called a record
A group of related records is called a file
A Database
This is a collection of files within an organisation
Flat File Organisation
Until the advent of DBMS most organisations previously used a flat file system (until the 1970's)
A flat file system meant each section of the organisation maintained its own filing system. There was no relationship between the methods used in different department or units in an organisation
Result
DUPLICATION of data (data redundancy)
RESOURCE WASTAGE -computer and human
ACCESS TO INFORMATION - difficult as it was spread all over the organisation
DIFFERENT STANDARDS within the same company
NO RELATIONSHIP between different databases in the org
INTEGRATION of data difficult
Increased opportunity for ERROR
DBMS
The power of a database is in the connections it has. Made possible by the use of DBMS. Files are logically integrated
Setting up a Database
The steps in creation of a database are
Designing the structure
Inputting the data
Database Terminology
Entity
This is the object, person, place or thing on which we wish to record data eg Student, Grant, Course
Attribute
This is something that describes an entity. If the entity is a student then some of the student's attributes would be Name, Address, Student No, Tel No, Course, etc
Field

Each Row represents a Record
This is the location in the database in which we record the attributes. The database designer decides on the fields when the database is being constructed initially. All fields with the same name should contain the same time of data. A field can contain numeric, alphabetic or logical data to name but some. A field is just a location in which the database holds data.
Record
A record contains all the data we have recorded on a certain 'entity'
Structure Design
Involves describing what data is needed
Deciding on field names
Deciding on field type
Character
Number
Data
Logical
Determine field width
Define key fields
The desired structure is set up using the software (MsAccess etc)
Once the database structure has been decided and set up, data can be input
Features of a Database
The DBMS makes it easy for the user to carry out the following tasks
List records (all or selected)
List only certain fields
Query - request data from the database
Create reports
Sort records
Update records
Delete records
Add records
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