relevance of the crusades to us today
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Crusades Still Relevant In Today's :
Study of the Crusades - "the first big clash of civilisations" - is still relevant in a world where religious conflict still rages and Western armies recently intervened in the Middle East, says a scholar who seeks to overturn the millennium-old, West-centric view of their origins.
"The conventional history holds the First Crusade began with Pope Urban II's call in 1095 to free Jerusalem... prompting big armour-wearing knights on white horses to set out to free the Holy City but this is not the full story," historian Peter Frankopan told IANS in an interview.
"Jerusalem was lost (to Christians) in 636 A.D. Why would Christian rulers wait over 450 years to recapture it?" said Frankopan, who spoke about the First Crusade (1096-99) and its origins at the Jaipur Literature Festival here last month.
Study of the Crusades - "the first big clash of civilisations" - is still relevant in a world where religious conflict still rages and Western armies recently intervened in the Middle East, says a scholar who seeks to overturn the millennium-old, West-centric view of their origins.
"The conventional history holds the First Crusade began with Pope Urban II's call in 1095 to free Jerusalem... prompting big armour-wearing knights on white horses to set out to free the Holy City but this is not the full story," historian Peter Frankopan told IANS in an interview.
"Jerusalem was lost (to Christians) in 636 A.D. Why would Christian rulers wait over 450 years to recapture it?" said Frankopan, who spoke about the First Crusade (1096-99) and its origins at the Jaipur Literature Festival here last month.
The director of the Oxford's Centre for Byzantine Research seeks to fill the missing details and provide a contrary theory in his book "The First Crusade: The Call from the East" (2012), contending the expedition's genesis was not in Rome, but Constantinople, and it was not the Pope, but Byzantine Emperor Alexios I who was the real motivating force, with the objective of shoring up his Turkish-threatened dominions.
Frankopan argues Alexios (reigned 1081-1118) pitched his case for Western strategic military aid most skilfully after his bold but ill-thought policies further placed his empire in danger from the rising power of the Seljuks, who had, in 1077, defeated his predecessor and annexed half the Byzantine holdings in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).
Alexios "knew how to appeal to Westerners" and held the objective of Jerusalem to bolster his case, he said.
Thus was launched the First Crusade, led by prominent European nobles like Godfrey of Bouillon, Raymond IV of Toulouse, Bohemond of Taranto (and his nephew Tancred) and others.
Comprising at least four different contingents (from north and south France, Flanders, Germany, and southern Italy) who did not always cooperate with each other despite sharing the same objective, it was the most successful among the seven (or nine) main crusades.
On why the Crusades were still important, he said there were two reasons. "One, because we are in an era of religious conflict and, secondly, the purpose of history is two-fold - to know what happened in the past and draw lessons for the present and the future - the Crusades were the first big clash of civilizations."
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The crusades of the 11th to 15th century CE have become one of the defining events of the Middle Ages in both Europe and the Middle East. The campaigns brought significant consequences wherever they occurred but also pushed changes within the states that organised and fought them. Even when the crusades had ended, their influence continued through literature and other cultural means and, resurrected as an idea in more modern times, they continue today to colour international relations.
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