Relocation and program relocatability system software
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Shared libraries, of which executables are similar to for the sake of this discussion, are often relocatable but in a way that requires a little preprocessing. They contain a mapping of assets (functions and data) in the binary to their location and a list of the assets that the binary needs but doesn't have. Simplistically, when loading, the dynamic linker changes these mappings to point to assets in the other, dependent binaries that are also loaded.
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