repeat the above experiment for silicon diode of different specifications
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Experiment 1:
Identification, Specifications and Testing of R, L, C Components (color
codes), Bread Boards
RESISTOR:
Resistor is an electronic component whose function is to limit the flow of current in an
electric circuit.It is measured in units called ohms. The symbol for ohm is (omega).
They are available in different values, shapes and sizes. Every material has some
resistance. Some materials such as Rubber, Glass and air have very high opposition to
current to flow .These materials are called insulators. Other materials such as Copper,
Silver and Aluminum etc. Has very low resistance, they are called Conductors.
IDENTIFICATION:-
1) Color Coded Resistor
Indicates multiplier Tolerance
Value
2) Printed Resistor
Color codes
The most common type has color bands to indicate its resistance. The code is a standard
one adopted by manufactures through their trade association, the electronic Industries
Association (EIA).
Color code and its value, multipliers Multipliers, Tolerance
Bl -- Black 0 100
Br -- Brown 1%
Br -- Brown 1 101
R -- Red 2%
R -- Red 2 102
G -- Gold 0.1, 5%
O -- Orange 3 103
S -- Silver 0.01, 10%
Y -- Yellow 4 104
No color 20%
G -- Green 5 105
Pink High stability
B -- Blue 6 106
V -- Violet 7 107
G -- Gray 8 108
W -- White 9 109
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Resistor
Indicates multiplier Tolerance
Value
First color band tells the first significant figure of the resistors value.
Second color band indicates the second significant figure in the resistors value.
Third color band indicates the no. of zeros to add to the first two significant numbers
often called as multiplier.
Fourth color band indicates the tolerance.
Estimation of resistance value using color code for eg:a resistor has a color band of
Brown, Green, and Orange with a tolerance band Gold
Then
Br 1
G 5
O 3
First two colors is the value 15
Third color is multiplier, therefore x 103
i.e., 15 x 103 = 15000 15 k
Fourth band Gold implies Tolerance of 5%
Therefore 15 k (5% of 15k)
Note:
By tolerance we mean that acceptable deviation or the actual value of the resistor may be
5% more or less then the coded value.
If the resistor contains 5 color bands ,then the first three color bands indicates the first
,second and third significant figure in the resistors value , the fourth color band is the
multiplier and the fifth color band indicates tolerance.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Carbon composition resistors are available from few ohms to several mega ohms.
Typical resistor wattage sizes are 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 (w) units, depending on
thickness of leads Wattage of resistors can be decided.
In writing the values of resistors, the following designation are used , K, M
K kilo 103
M Mega 106
Commonly available wire wound Resistors have resistance values ranging from 1 to
100K with power rating upto about 200W.
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All resistance materials have a change in resistance with temperature.
RT1= RT2 [1 + (T1 – T2 )]
Where RT1 is resistance at T1
0C
is the temperature coefficient
RT2 is resistance at T2
0C.
Temperature coefficient is important to designer so as to perform satisfactorily when the
circuit is exposed to temperature variations.
Voltage coefficient: Resistances other than wire wound have a slight change with the
applied voltage, generally it decreases with increase in voltage.
R1 –R2 1
Voltage coefficient = ---------------- * --------------- * 10 6
In PPM R2 (V1 - V2)
(Parts Per Million)
Testing:
Determine the resistance value of various resistors using color code and DMM .
Measure the resistance of each resistor and complete the below table.
S.NO Color Coded
Resistance Value
Color Coded
Tolerance
Measured
Value(using DMM)
Note:
1) The measured Resistance and the color coded resistance should agree with in the the
tolerance range of the resistor.
2) Do not touch both resistor leads while making the measurement, if you do so, DMM
will measure your body resistance as well as the resistor.
APPLICATIONS:
It is widely used in electronic circuits to limit the current.
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CAPACITORS:
It is a device which stores a charge. It does not pass direct current (dc) but will effectively
allow the flow of alternating current (ac). The reactance of a capacitor ‘C’ is dependent
on the freq of the ac signal and is given by
fc
X C
2
1
A capacitor ‘c’ when charged to a voltage has a stored energy of
2
1
CV2
Joules. A
capacitor essentially consists of two conducting plates separated by a dielectric medium.
Symbol:
Capacitance of a capacitor ‘c’ is given by
F
d
A
C
The SI unit of capacitance is Farad (F)
The Farad is the capacitance of a capacitor that contains a charge of 1 Couloumb when
the potential difference between its terminals is 1Volt and it stores