Question

Report on plant breeding techniques (any two techniques)

Answer 1

Answer:

New Plant-Breeding Techniques (NBTs) are methods allowing the development of new plant varieties with desired traits, by modifying the DNA of the seeds and plant cells. They are called ‘new’ because these techniques have only been developed in the last decade and have evolved rapidly in recent years.

Moreover, as these practices are still continuously evolving, there is no limited set of techniques that can be put under the ‘umbrella term’ of NBTs.[1] Based on assessments of the European Commission, the following plant-breeding techniques can currently be considered as the main NBTs:

1) Site-Directed Nucleases (SDN) (including ZFN-1/2/3 and CRISPR systems);

2) Oligonucleotide Directed Mutagenesis (ODM);

3) Cisgenesis;

4) RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM);

5) Grafting (non-GM scion on GM rootstock);

6) Reverse breeding;