Report on the history of unveiling the structure of atom from John Dalton to Neil's Bohr
Answers
Answer:Bohr’s atom like Rutherford’s contained a dense, positive nucleus. He expanded on Rutherford’s ideas, turning his attention to describing the electron. He stated they moved in fixed, circular orbits (or energy levels) around the nucleus, these called electron shells. These shells were at set distances from the nucleus and were the same for all atoms. He stated they became larger the further away they are from the nucleus, and that electrons furthest from the nucleus have higher energy. He identified that an electron can jump from a lower orbit to a higher orbit by absorbing energy, this can be done in the forms of heat, light or electricity. These electrons then lose energy when they are allowed to cool, giving them the emission spectra for all different elements.In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.
The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning "indivisible".[1] 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. Around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called "uncuttable atom" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all.
Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term "elementary particles" to describe the "uncuttable", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.