Question

Reproduction leads to variation. How?​

Answer 1

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Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, which leads to the mixing of character of parents and thus,causes variations in characters.

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Answer 2

Sexual reproduction requires two parents, a male and a female, each of which produce gametes. ... As half of the genetic make-up of the offspring is from one organism and half from another, it is genetically different from its parents. In other words, it shows variation.

SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATION:

1. Variations make some individuals better fitted in the struggle for existence.

2. They help the individuals to adapt themselves according to the changing environment.

3. Discontinuous variations or mutations produce new traits in the organisms.

4.Variations allow breeders to improve races of useful plants and animals for increased resistance, better yield, quicker growth and lesser input.

5. They constitute the raw material for evolution.

6. Variations give each organism a distinct individuality.

7. Because of variations, species do not remain static. Instead, they are slowly getting modified forming new species with time.

8. Pre-adaptations caused by the presence of neutral variations are extremely useful for survival against sudden changes in environment, e.g., resistance against a new pesticide or antibiotic.

9. Orthogenetic (directional or determinate) variations take part in formation of new species.