requirement of environmental audit under rule 14
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Answer:
Explanation:
Introduction
The protection of the environment has assumed an even more prominent position in the recent times with the rapid industrialization resulting not only in the over use of our limited natural resources but also causing the pollution of such natural resources which include - air, water, flora and fauna. While development is an essential predominant factor to every economy, it is also equally important that no irreparable damage is caused to the natural eco-system. It is therefore the approach of ‘sustainable development’ that is used to balance the exigencies of the industrial growth against the tradeoffs in the environmental concerns.
Concept of Sustainable development
The concept of ‘sustainable development’ was for the first time highlighted at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972. Since then, various countries such as Japan, US, France, Germany, etc. besides India, have enacted several legislative measures for the protection of the environment which includes measures such as introducing several strict penal measures for the damages caused due to the hazardous substances, etc.
Legal Mechanism for Protection of Environment in India
Even though the Indian Penal Code, 1860 contains several penal provisions for corrupting or fouling the water or spring or reservoir so as to make it less fit for the purposes for which it is ordinarily used as well as for vitiating the atmosphere so as to make it quite noxious to the health of any person etc.
There are however a number of other Central and State laws covering the boilers, dangerous drugs, radiation, forests, etc which were enacted during the middle of the 20th century, however we find that the legislative and administrative measures directed specifically at protection of the environment were only introduced in the 1970s and 1980s.
The five-year plans and the various Industrial Policies also devoted attention to the orderly development of industries, the conservation of forests, its resources, the urban and rural water supply and sanitation, health, and environment with considerable stress on the development of industries in the backward areas so as to ensure that a balanced regional development is maintained. Though no specific attention was paid to the control of pollution problems.
However, we find that the Industrial Policy Statement of 1980 has laid emphasis on the pollution control measures, and preservation of ecological balance. The locational policy adopted by the Government also had quite a beneficial impact on the balancing of the regional development and reducing the environment pollution in all the highly industrialized areas.
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed by the Union of India in 1981, both of which essentially was formulated to give effect to the decisions taken at the International Conference on Human Environment at Stockholm in 1972, where the declaration promulgated man’s fundamental right to live in a pollution-free atmosphere and his responsibility to protect and improve the environment.
In 1980, a committee was set up for reviewing and recommending the legislative measures and administrative machinery for ensuring that environmental protection could be reduced and on its recommendations, the Department of Environment was set up which immediately became a part of the Ministry of Environment and Forests in January, 1985.
This Ministry was set up mainly to act as the focal point for the planning, promotion and co-ordination of environment and forestry programs for environmental protection. The issues of pollution control and environment protection assumed enormous importance after the ‘Bhopal Gas Tragedy in December, 1984 in which several people lost their lives or even became permanently handicapped following the MIC gas leak in the Union Carbide Plant at Bhopal.
In 1986, the Government has enacted the Environment Protection Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for the prevention of hazards to human beings, the other living creatures, plants and property.
The Environmental Protection Act, 1986
The Act come into force on 19.11.1986 and it extends to the whole of India. The Act affixes responsibility on the persons carrying on industrial operations or handling hazardous substances to comply with certain safeguards for the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution and also enjoins upon them the responsibility to furnish certain information to the authorities in certain cases.
Requirements are reduction and prevention of waste, environmental practice by the management of a company, spreading information related to the environment among people.
Explanation:
- The organized, systematic, objective and periodic evaluation of the work process of an environmental management company is the process of environmental auditing. The company should fulfill certain requirements of auditing to work on the development of the environment.
- They must focus on reducing the excessive use of raw materials and preventing wastes. Auditing requires evaluation of the work of the company and spreading environmental awareness among the mass.
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